The Earth is divided in four layers, which are inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. The crust, the most external layer, is composed by some large pieces that are interconnected, called tectonic plates. The plate boundaries have many faults, where shocks or separations between the plates happen.
The Earth layers.
Earth's Tectonic Plates.
The magnitude of an earthquake can be measured by a seismograph, a machine that writes lines that represent the vibration of the Earth. The scale used by this machine is called Richter, and it starts in 3.5, getting higher depending on the earthquake intensity.
Scientists try to preview when shocks between the plates are going to happen, but all they can define is the probable area where an earthquake can take place. Usually this probable area is in the fault zone, which is located in the plate boundaries.
The San Andreas fault, the border between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate.
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